category

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英 ['k?t?g(?)r?] 美['k?t?ɡ?ri]

近義詞subdivision genus classification department species division sort genre province section class kind type variety denomination

n. 種類，分類；[數] 范疇

CET4TEM4IELTSGRE考研CET6核心詞匯TOEFL中頻詞

詞態變化

復數:?categories;

助記提示

1. cat- + egor- "declaim (in the assembly)" + -y.
2. 其本意為：speak against, accuse, assert, predicate.
3. Original sense of "accuse" weakened to "assert, name" by the time Aristotle applied kategoria to his 10 classes of things that can be named.
4. 由此進而引申為如今的：種類、范疇、類別。
5. 該詞的最初含義在categorical\categorically中還看得到、還保留著。

中文詞源

category 類別

cata-, 向下，相對。-agora, 廣場，公開說，公開演講，見allegory, 寓言。原指在廣場發表演講，敘述。后古希臘哲學家亞里士多德用該詞描述類別，種類，使之固定為現在的詞義。

英文詞源

category: category: [15] The word category has a rather complicated semantic history. It comes ultimately from Greek katēgorein ‘accuse’, a compound formed from the prefix katá- ‘against’ and agorá ‘public assembly’ (source of English agoraphobia and related to gregarious) – hence ‘speak against publicly’. ‘Accuse’ gradually became weakened in meaning to ‘assert, name’, and the derived noun katēgoríā was applied by Aristotle to the enumeration of all classes of things that can be named – hence ‘category’. The word reached English via late Latin catēgoria or French catégorie.
=> agoraphobia, gregarious, panegyric
category (n.): 1580s, from Middle French catégorie, from Late Latin categoria, from Greek kategoria "accusation, prediction, category," verbal noun from kategorein "to speak against; to accuse, assert, predicate," from kata "down to" (or perhaps "against;" see cata-) + agoreuein "to harangue, to declaim (in the assembly)," from agora "public assembly" (see agora). Original sense of "accuse" weakened to "assert, name" by the time Aristotle applied kategoria to his 10 classes of things that can be named.
category should be used by no-one who is not prepared to state (1) that he does not mean class, & (2) that he knows the difference between the two .... [Fowler]

雙語例句

1. The judges could not decide which category it belonged in.: 評委們無法判定它屬于哪一類。

2. Designer wedding dresses make wedding fashion a separate category from mainstream fashion.: 著名設計師設計的婚紗使得婚紗時尚有別于主流服裝時尚。

3. Over the decade, women in this category went up by 120%.: 過去10年，這類女性多了120％。

4. This book clearly falls into the category of fictionalised autobiography.: 這本書很顯然屬于自傳體小說。